Kalpana Ginthota: About Sri lanka

Monday, June 28, 2010

About Sri lanka

Politics of Sri Lanka

Politics of Sri Lanka takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Sri Lanka is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. Since decennia the party system is dominated by the socialist Sri Lanka Freedom Party and the conservative United National Party. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Politics of Sri Lanka reflect the historical and political differences between the two main ethnic groups, the majority Sinhala and the minority Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island.

Political conditions

Sri Lanka's two major political parties – the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) – embrace democratic values, international nonalignment, and encouragement of Sinhalese culture. Past differences between the two on foreign and economic policy have narrowed. Generally, the SLFP envisions a broader role for the state, and the UNP a broader role for capitalism.

Sri Lanka has a multi-party democracy that enjoys surprising stability given the high levels of political violence, especially that which occurred under the UNP regime of 1977–1993. Recent elections have seen decreasing election violence between the SLFP and the UNP, compared to the period 1977–1994. Elections have been cleaner, without the rampant impersonation and vote-rigging which characterised the 1982 Presidential Election, the notorious Referendum of the same year, the Presidential Election of 1988 and the General Election of 1989.

The president (Mrs C.B. Kumaratunaga, SLFP) dissolved the parliament in February 2004 after a two year term (though the parliament was elected for a six-year term.) The election was held on 2 April 2004. The SLFP in alliance with the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) secured the most seats by a single party but failed to achieve a majority. One of the ironies of the alliance was that the Presidents husband had in fact been assassinated by a member of the JVP.

As a result of the alliance they lost the very first vote in parliament; that of appointment of the speaker. As a result the parliament did not pass a single bill from February to May.

Political parties and elections

For other political parties see List of political parties in Sri Lanka. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Sri Lanka.

In August 2005, the Supreme Court ruled that Presidential Elections would be held in November 2005, resolving a long-running dispute on the length of President Kumaratunga's term. Mahinda Rajapaksa was nominated the SLFP candidate and former Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe UNP candidate. The Election was held on November 17, 2005, and Mahinda Rajapaksa was elected the fifth Executive President of Sri Lanka with a 50.29% of valid votes, compared to Ranil Wickremesinghe's 48.43%. Mahinda Rajapaksa took oath as President on November 19, 2005. Ratnasiri Wickremanayake was appointed the 22nd Prime Minister on November 21, 2005, to fill the post vacated by Mahinda Rajapaksa. He was previously Prime Minister in 2000.

Summary of the 26 January 2010 Sri Lankan presidential election results

    Candidate                                         Party               Votes           %

Mahinda Rajapaksa            United People's Freedom         6,015,934         57.88%
                                            Alliance

Sarath Fonseka                  New Democratic Front         4,173,185    40.15%

More...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_presidential_election,_2010

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